Off-Grid Solar System Design Step-by-Step.

Steps of Design

  • Defining our loads.
  • Sizing inverter.
  • Sizing panels.
  • Sizing batteries.
  • Sizing a charge controller.
  • Panel connection.

Step 1: Defining our Loads

Device NumberPower/device(w)Number of HoursEnergy (wh)
Lamp118 w472 wh
Fan160 w2120 wh
Refrigerator175 w12900 wh
Total153 w1092 wh/day

Step 2: Sizing Inverter

  • An inverter is used in the system where AC power output is needed.
  • The input rating of the inverter should never be lower than the total wattage of appliances.
  • The inverter must have the same nominal voltage as your battery.
  • For stand-alone systems, the inverter must be large enough to handle the total amount of watts you will be using at one time.
  • For grid-tie systems or grid-connected systems, the input rating of the inverter should be the same as the PV array rating to allow for safe and efficient operation.
  • The inverter power should be greater than the load’s total wattage by 25% or 30%.
  • The inverter’s continuous power = 1.3* total wattage = 1.3153 W = 198.9 W.
  • If the system has motors, compressors, refrigerators, pumps, and washing machines, we need to make sure that the inverter can withstand the starting current.
  • The surge power of these devices is found on the label of them.
  • If you don’t know, you can assume the surge power = 3x – 4x the wattage of these devices.
  • The inverter surge power = Lamp + Fan + 4 Refrigerators = 378 W.
  • We need an inverter with a continuous power of 198.9 W and a surge power of 378 W.

Step 2: Sizing Inverter

Step 3: Sizing Panels

  • The total energy required by the loads is 1092 Wh/day.
  • The total energy needed from panels = total energy * 1.3 (a safety factor to accumulate for all the losses in the PV system in addition to the panels not operating at the optimum conditions) = 1092 Wh * 1.3 = 1419.6 Wh.
  • The power of panels = π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘’π‘›π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘”π‘¦ 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑 π‘π‘’π‘Žπ‘˜ / 𝑠𝑒𝑛 β„Žπ‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘ 
  • = 1419.6π‘Šβ„Ž2 β„Žπ‘œπ‘’π‘Ÿπ‘  = 709.8W.
  • We will select Sunpower SPR-200-BLK-U.
  • Number of panels = π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘π‘œπ‘€π‘’π‘Ÿ / π‘π‘œπ‘€π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘œπ‘›π‘’ π‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘’π‘™
  • =709.8200=3.549 π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘Žπ‘π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘₯π‘–π‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘™π‘¦ 4 π‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘’π‘™π‘ .
  • The power of panels = 4 * 200 = 800 W.

Step 4: Sizing Batteries

  • Assuming the lowest temperature in the location is -20Β°C. Then the nominal capacity will be 160 Ah instead of 330 Ah.
  • The temperature correction coefficient = 160π΄β„Ž / 330π΄β„Ž=0.48.
  • Ah of batteries = π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘’π‘›π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘”π‘¦ π‘›π‘’π‘’π‘‘π‘’π‘‘βˆ—π·π‘Žπ‘¦π‘  π‘œπ‘“ π‘Žπ‘’π‘‘π‘œπ‘›π‘œπ‘šπ‘¦ / π·π‘œπ·βˆ—π‘†π‘¦π‘ π‘‘π‘’π‘š π‘£π‘œπ‘™π‘‘π‘Žπ‘”π‘’βˆ—π‘‡π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’ π‘π‘œπ‘Ÿπ‘Ÿπ‘’π‘π‘‘π‘–π‘œπ‘› π‘π‘œπ‘’π‘“π‘“π‘–π‘π‘–π‘’π‘›π‘‘
  • = 1419.6π‘Šβ„Žβˆ—2 / 0.8βˆ—12π‘‰βˆ—0.48
  • = 616.15 Ah.
  • Number of series batteries = π‘†π‘¦π‘ π‘‘π‘’π‘š π‘£π‘œπ‘™π‘‘π‘Žπ‘”π‘’ / π‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ π‘£π‘œπ‘™π‘‘π‘Žπ‘”π‘’ = 12/12 = 1 π‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦ 𝑖𝑛 π‘’π‘Žπ‘β„Ž π‘ π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘’π‘  π‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘”.
  • Number of parallel strings = π΄β„Ž π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘žπ‘’π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘’π‘‘ / π΄β„Ž π‘œπ‘“ π‘œπ‘›π‘’ π‘π‘Žπ‘‘π‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘¦=616.15 / 330=1.86 π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘Žπ‘π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘₯π‘–π‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘™π‘¦ 2 π‘π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘™π‘™π‘’π‘™ π‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘”π‘ .
  • Total batteries = 2*1 = 2 batteries.

Step 5: Sizing Charge Controller

  • The power of panels = 800 W and the system voltage is 12 V.

Important Note:

  • The series panel connection is dependent on the MPPT range.
  • We try to make the panel voltage at the middle value of this range.
  • If the MPPT range is not available, we will take half of the open circuit voltage value.

Step 6: Panel Connection

  • Assuming selection of the open circuit voltage at the middle of the maximum PV open-circuit voltage = 150/2=75 𝑉.
  • Number of panels in series = 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘› π‘π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘π‘’π‘–π‘‘ π‘£π‘œπ‘™π‘‘π‘Žπ‘”π‘’ / π‘ƒπ‘Žπ‘›π‘’π‘™ π‘œπ‘π‘’π‘› π‘π‘–π‘Ÿπ‘π‘’π‘–π‘‘ π‘£π‘œπ‘™π‘‘π‘Žπ‘”π‘’
  • =75 𝑉 / 47.8 𝑉=1.57 π‘œπ‘Ÿ π‘Žπ‘π‘π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘₯π‘–π‘šπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘™π‘¦ 2 π‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘’π‘™π‘  𝑖𝑛 π‘ π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘’π‘ .
  • Panels in parallel = π‘‡π‘œπ‘‘π‘Žπ‘™ π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘’π‘™π‘  / π‘›π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘œπ‘“ π‘π‘Žπ‘›π‘’π‘™π‘  𝑖𝑛 π‘ π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘’π‘ =4/2=2 π‘π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘™π‘™π‘’π‘™ π‘ π‘‘π‘Ÿπ‘–π‘›π‘”π‘ .
  • The open circuit voltage at lowest temperature = number of series panels * open circuit voltage of one panel at lowest temperature.
  • = 2(47.8+(0.065*(25+20))=101.45V < 150 V.
  • The input current of the charge controller = short-circuit current of the PV panel * number of parallel strings * safety factor (1.25 or 1.3).
  • = 1.2525.4 = 13.5 A < 50 A

Solar Power Systems Explained: Off-Grid, On-Grid, and Hybrid

🌞 Introduction to Solar Power Systems

As the demand for clean and reliable energy continues to rise, solar power has become one of the most popular and accessible renewable energy sources in the world. Whether you live in a city, a village, or a remote area, solar power can offer a sustainable solution to your electricity needs.

In this post, we’ll cover the basics of what solar power is, its key benefits, and the main types of solar systems available today.

πŸ”‹ What is Solar Power?

Solar power is the energy we get from the sun. Through the use of solar panels (photovoltaic cells), sunlight is converted into electricity that can be used to power homes, businesses, and even entire communities.

This electricity can be used directly, stored in batteries for later use, or fed into the national grid, depending on the type of solar power system you choose.

βœ… Benefits of Solar Energy

Here are some of the major benefits of using solar energy:

  1. Eco-Friendly
    Solar power is a clean, green source of energy that reduces carbon emissions and pollution.
  2. Saves Money
    Once installed, solar systems can significantly reduce your electricity bills. In many cases, you can even earn credits through net metering.
  3. Low Maintenance
    Solar systems require very little maintenance. Most solar panels come with a 20–25 year warranty.
  4. Energy Independence
    You no longer need to rely solely on utility companies. Solar energy gives you more control over your power source.
  5. Works in Remote Areas
    Solar is a game-changer for rural and off-grid locations where traditional electricity supply is not available.

β˜€οΈ Types of Solar Power Systems (Brief Intro)

There are three main types of solar power systems. Each one is designed to meet different energy needs and budgets:

1. Off-Grid Solar System

  • Not connected to the utility grid.
  • Uses batteries to store excess energy for use at night or during cloudy days.
  • Ideal for remote areas without access to grid electricity.

2. On-Grid (Grid-Tied) Solar System

  • Connected to the local utility grid.
  • Any excess power can be sent to the grid (often with credits via net metering).
  • Suitable for homes and businesses in urban areas.

3. Hybrid Solar System

  • Combines both off-grid and on-grid features.
  • Uses batteries for backup and can still send excess energy to the grid.
  • Offers the flexibility of power storage and grid connection.
Add a heading

How to calculate Transformer Room size as per NEC standard:

Calculate transformer Room size | Electrical Design

Let’s start:

1- The width of the transformer room is equal to or greater than the width of the transformer used for the building.

For more explanation, see the below image:

In this image you can see there are three conditions: 1, 2, and 3. let’s explain them one by one.

Condition -1

See the first condition as shown in the image: electrical equipment is installed on one wall; it should be transformers or electrical panels, and the opposite side of the electrical equipment has no live or grounded part; the minimum distance is equal to 3ft or 900 mm, as shown in the image.

Example:

First condition is, distance between transformer and Door.

Condition -2

As shown in the image opposite, the electrical panels have grounded parts, like walls. This means the distance between the panels or transformers is equal to or greater than 3 ft. 6 in. or 1 m.

 Example:

The second condition is the distance between the transformer and the wall.

Condition: 3

As shown in the above image, the electrical panel opposite is another panel or live part. This means the distance between the transformer and other live parts, like panels or transformers, is equal to or greater than 4 ft or 1.2 m.

Example:

The third condition is the distance between the transformer and another transformer.

Now I will show you how to calculate the transformer room size from the given transformer size chart:

Practical example:

Given data:

  • Rating: 1 MVA
  • Voltage: 21 kV
  • Length: 1970mm, 1.97m
  • Width: 980mm, 0.98 m

Calculate transformer room size?

Solution:

As shown in the above NEC table, our transformer rating is 21 kV. We will select 9 to 25 kV.

Condition-1

The distance between the transformer and door is 5ft, 1.524 m.

Condition-2

The distance between the transformer and wall is 6ft, 1.828

Condition-3

The distance between the transformer and another transformer note (if applicable when there are two transformers in one room).

Drainage pipe installation Checklist:

“Note: This checklist is shared solely for reference and idea generation purposes. Please rephrase or modify the content as needed.”

  1. Checklist for Installation & Testing of Drainage Piping System and Accessories
  2. Checklist for Testing of Drainage Piping System

1- Checklist for Installation & Testing of Drainage Piping System and Accessories

Project Details

Subcontractor:
Contractor:
Section of Work: Plumbing
Location:
Level:
Work Inspection Request (WIR) No.:

Inspection Stages

Setting Out

  • Check Layout:
    Verify layout of the drainage piping system is as per approved shop drawings.
  • Check Level / Depth:
    Ensure the level and excavation depth are according to design and approved drawings.

MEP / Civil Coordination

  • Clearances Check:
    Confirm that there are no service clashes and required clearance is provided.
    Verify clearance approval by the consultant’s civil site team.

Installation Inspection

  1. Material Compliance:
    Ensure all installed materials match the approved material submittals.
  2. Bedding Condition:
    Check that bedding is free from hard protrusions or large stones and is suitable for pipe laying.
  3. Pipe Size Verification:
    Confirm that pipe sizes conform to approved drawings.
  4. Slope and Level Check:
    Verify that the level and slope of the installed pipes meet the approved shop drawing specifications.
  5. Manhole Joint Installation:
    Ensure push-fit joints are correctly installed for all manhole inlets and outlets.
  6. Road Crossing Pipes:
    Confirm that pipes crossing roadways are installed according to approved shop drawings.
  7. Leak Testing:
    All drainage pipes must be tested for leaks.
  8. Pipe End Protection:
    Check that all open pipe ends are sealed to protect against debris during construction.
  9. Concrete Encasement:
    Confirm concrete encasement has been applied where required.
  10. Backfilling Release:
    Ensure pipes are approved and released for backfilling.
  11. Backfilling Execution:
    Check that backfilling is done in accordance with the approved drawings and specifications.

Final Approvals

For Subcontractor QA/QC:

  • Name:
  • Signature:
  • Date:

For Contractor QA/QC:

  • Name:
  • Signature:
  • Date:

For Consultant Representative:

  • Name:
  • Signature:
  • Date:

2- Checklist for Testing of Drainage Piping System

Form No.:
Revision No.: 0
Page: 1 of 1

Project Information

Subcontractor:
Contractor:
Section of Work: Plumbing
Location:
Level:
Work Inspection Request (WIR) No.:

Inspection & Testing Checklist

Stage-wise Verification

  • Stage:
  • Item:
  • Checked by (Subcontractor):
  • Checked by (Contractor):
  • Checked by (Consultant):
  • Date:

Test Details

  • Piping System:
  • Test Pressure:
  • Actual Pressure:
  • Date of Test:
  • Duration of Test:
  • Testing Fluid/Gas:
  • Start Time:
  • Finish Time:
  • Pressure Gauge Number:
  • Calibration Due Date:

Remarks

(Insert any additional observations or issues noted during the test)

Test Results

☐ No leaks were observed during the test duration. Test results are acceptable.
☐ Test results are not acceptable. Rectify leaks and retest.

Sign-Off and Approval

Subcontractor QA/QC

  • Name:
  • Signature:
  • Date:

Contractor QA/QC

  • Name:
  • Signature:
  • Date:

Consultant Representative

  • Name:
  • Signature:
  • Date:

Domestic Cold and Hot Water Supply Piping System Checklist:

Please note: You can take idea from this content you can add and remove as per project specification:

Content of Checklist:

  1. Water Supply Installation Checklist
  2. Cold Water Piping System (Underground) Checklist
  3. Checklist for Testing of Water Supply Piping System and Accessories:

Ref. No:
Revision No: 0
Page:

Subcontractor:
Contractor:
Section of Work: Water Supply
Location:
Level:
WIR No.:

Stage: Setting Out

  • Verify layout accuracy.
  • Confirm levels with MEP/Civil coordination.
  • Ensure chipping in the wall is completed where necessary.

Stage: Installation

Service Clearances

  • Confirm adequate clearances for services.
  • Ensure approvals from consultant site team (civil) are obtained.

Material and Size Verification

  1. Ensure all materials are as per the approved material submittal.
  2. Verify that pipe sizes match those specified in the approved drawings.

Piping Layout and Components

  1. Ensure all pipes installed inside walls follow the approved shop drawings.
  2. Confirm isolation valves are located as indicated in the approved drawings.
  3. Check that expansion/contraction joints are installed according to approved drawings.
  4. Confirm air vents, with isolation valves, are installed as per approved drawings.
  5. Check for the installation of water hammer arrestors with isolation valves.
  6. Verify PRVs (Pressure Reducing Valves) are installed as per the drawings.
  7. Ensure backflow preventers are installed in accordance with the approved shop drawings.

Testing and Disinfection

  1. Confirm the piping network has been tested for leaks (1.5 times working pressure for 24 hours).
  2. Ensure network disinfection has been carried out using chlorine as per Method Statement Section 7.9.
  3. Verify that water samples (from the network and tank) are submitted to a third-party laboratory (ITL) for quality testing.

Identification and Sealing

  1. Ensure service identification labels are provided on all exposed pipes and inside access doors.
  2. Check that annular spaces between pipes and sleeves are sealed using approved materials.

Approvals and Sign-Off

For Subcontractor QA/QC:
Date: __________
Name: _____________________
Signature: __________________

For Contractor QA/QC:
Date: __________
Name: _____________________
Signature: __________________

For Consultant Representative:
Date: __________
Name: _____________________
Signature: __________________

1- Water Supply Installation Checklist

Project Location: (Specify Location)
Level: Basement
Work Inspection Request (WIR) No.: (Specify WIR No.)
Section of Work: Water Supply

Setting Out Works

  • Check Layout – Ensure layout is as per the approved drawings.
  • Check Level (MEP/Civil) – Confirm that the level is accurate and in compliance with approved elevations.

Installation Checklist

  1. Confirm that pipe sizes and materials match approved specifications and have been inspected and cleared for installation.
  2. Ensure all flanges are clean and free from debris or contaminants before installation.
  3. Verify that puddle flanges are externally painted with two coats of bituminous paint before being integrated into the structure.
  4. Confirm that sleeves are also clean and free from any debris or contaminants prior to installation.
  5. Make sure the entire installation follows approved drawings and maintains the approved invert levels.
  6. Check that puddle flanges are aligned, and the central plate is exactly vertical using a level indicator.
  7. Ensure that sleeves are aligned, and the central plate is exactly vertical using a level indicator.
  8. For puddle flange pipe pieces, ensure that edges are properly prepared and cleaned before welding, and check alignment and position.
  9. Secure the puddle flange with suitable wires to the reinforcement steel to prevent any displacement during concreting.
  10. Perform a final check of the installation before closing the shuttering.

QA/QC Sign-Off

Subcontractor QA/QC:
Name: ____________________
Sign: ____________________
Date: ____________________

Contractor QA/QC:
Name: ____________________
Sign: ____________________
Date: ____________________

Consultant Representative:
Name: ____________________
Sign: ____________________
Date: ____________________

2- Cold Water Piping System (Underground) Checklist

Form No:
Revision No: 0
Page: 1 of 1

Project Details

  • Subcontractor:
  • Contractor:
  • Section of Work: Water Supply
  • Location:
  • Level:
  • WIR No.:

Stage 1: Setting Out

  • Verify layout has been checked and marked appropriately.
  • Confirm clearance from other MEP and civil services.
  • Ensure excavation has been completed as per approved drawings.
  • Confirm suitability of backfilling and compaction before installation.

Stage 2: Installation Checks

  1. Ensure all pipe routings and sizes conform to approved shop drawings.
  2. Verify that all materials used are as per the approved material submittals.
  3. Check the bedding surface to ensure it is free from hard protrusions or large stones and is properly prepared.
  4. Confirm that the installed pipe levels and slopes match the approved drawings.
  5. Verify that pressure testing of pipes has been completed (1.5 times working pressure for 24 hours).
  6. Ensure that all open pipe ends are sealed to prevent ingress of construction debris.
  7. Confirm that pipe expansion provisions are made at building expansion joints and other required locations.
  8. Check that approved detectable warning tapes are installed at the required level above the piping.

Approvals and Sign-Off

  • Subcontractor QA/QC
    • Name:
    • Signature:
    • Date:
  • Contractor QA/QC
    • Name:
    • Signature:
    • Date:
  • Consultant Representative
    • Name:
    • Signature:
    • Date:

3- Checklist for Testing of Water Supply Piping System and Accessories:

Hydrostatic Test Report

Ref. No:
Revision No: 0
Page: 1 of 1

Project Details

Subcontractor:
Contractor:
Section of Work: Water Supply
Location:
Level:
Work Inspection Request (WIR) No.:

Test Information

Area / Location:
System: Water Supply
Drawing No.:
Drawing Revision:

Type of Test

  • Test Method: Hydrostatic Test βœ”
  • Test Medium: Water βœ”

Piping System

  • Hot and Cold Water Supply Pipe Work

Test Parameters

  • Working Pressure:
  • Test Pressure: 1.5 Γ— Working Pressure
  • Minimum Ambient Temperature:
  • Test Medium Temperature:
  • Date of Test:
  • Duration of Test: Minimum 2 Hours
  • Testing Fluid/Gas: Water
  • Start Time:
  • Finish Time:
  • Initial Pressure:
  • Final Pressure:
  • Pressure Gauge Number:
  • Calibration Due Date:

Remarks

(Insert observations, notes, or specific remarks about the test here)

Test Results

☐ No leaks were observed during the test duration. Test results are acceptable.
☐ Test results are not acceptable. Rectify leaks and retest.

Sign-Off and Approval

Subcontractor QA/QC:

  • Name:
  • Signature:
  • Date:

Contractor QA/QC:

  • Name:
  • Signature:
  • Date:

Consultant Representative:

  • Name:
  • Signature:
  • Date:
smoke-8558784_1280

Method Statement for Testing of Fire Alarm System:

Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Test Instruments/Tools Required
  3. Reference Standards
  4. Test Procedures
  5. Test Execution
  6. Fire Dampers
  7. Test Record Sheets

1. Introduction

1.1 This fire alarm testing method statement outlines the step-by-step process for inspecting and testing the fire alarm system at this project site.

1.2 The contractor may further enhance or expand upon these guidelines, subject to agreement with the Project M&E Engineer and Independent Testing and Commissioning Engineer.

1.3 The primary goal of this procedure is to verify that the fire alarm system’s installation and performance align with the M&E design intent.

1.4 The contractor must become familiar with the existing system’s operation, including the cause and effect scenarios. Upon completing the commissioning, the contractor will perform comprehensive cause and effect testing on the new fire alarm installation to ensure compatibility and consistency with the existing configuration.

2. Test Instruments / Tools Required

2.1 All testing instruments must have a valid calibration certificate (at least 6 months remaining) traceable to international standards.

2.2 Instruments should be suitable for the expected test parameters and provide accurate readings, ideally at their mid-range scale.

2.3 The following tools and equipment are required for fire alarm system testing:

  • Calibrated Multimeter
  • Aerosol Smoke Canisters
  • Heat Source
  • Walkie Talkies

3. Reference Standards

3.1 The testing procedure adheres to the following British Standards:

  • BS 6266:2002 – Code of Practice for Fire Protection for Electronic Equipment Installations
  • BS 5839:2002 – Code of Practice for Fire Detection and Alarm Systems for Buildings

All testing and commissioning activities must comply with these standards.

4. Test Procedures

Before testing begins, ensure the following:

4.1 Verify correct placement and installation of device housings and components.
4.2 Confirm that appropriate cable types are used.
4.3 Ensure all high and low voltage cables have passed electrical testing, and power (AC/DC) is available at correct voltages.

Note: Never connect devices until wiring tests are approved to avoid potential damage.

4.4 Confirm proper labeling of all system components per design specifications.
4.5 Verify device numbering and alarm message descriptions match the latest architectural layout or room names.
4.6 Perform insulation resistance tests, polarity checks, and loop resistance measurements.
4.7 Measure addressable circuit capacitance and inductance where applicable.
4.8 Confirm all equipment (detectors, sounders, etc.) is properly installed per manufacturer instructions.
4.9 Check suppressors and polarizing diodes on electro-mechanical sounders.
4.10 Ensure short circuit isolators are installed at specified intervals.
4.11 Confirm battery sizing by recording voltage and current data. Simulate standby operation and record performance.

5. Test Execution

Before starting, print the list of all addressable devices and confirm:

  • Devices are installed and in normal status
  • No devices are isolated or malfunctioning

5.1 Functional Testing:

5.1.1 Test call points with a key or by breaking glass.
5.1.2 Use aerosol smoke to test smoke detectors.
5.1.3 Apply heat (e.g., hair dryer) to test heat detectors without damaging components.
5.1.4 Confirm proper operation of all input/output devices.

5.2 At Each Detector:

5.2.1 Ensure LED lights up during detection.

5.3 At the Fire Alarm Control Panel:

5.3.1 RED fire lamp should light.
5.3.2 Internal sounder must activate.
5.3.3 Relevant fire zone must be indicated.
5.3.4 Correct text message should display and print.
5.3.5 Appropriate sounders should activate.
5.3.6 Switching relays should change state.

5.4 After Alarm is Muted:

5.4.1 Internal sounder remains audible.
5.4.2 Fire zone still indicated.
5.4.3 β€˜Fire’ lamp stays illuminated.

5.5 Fault Testing:

5.5.1 Remove each detector; verify β€˜Fault’ lamp and sounder activate.
5.5.2 Ensure fault message displays and prints.
5.5.3 Replace components and reset the system to confirm restoration.

5.6 Sounder Walk Test:

5.6.1 Program panel for walk test.
5.6.2 Walk the site and confirm sounder operation.
5.6.3 Reset panel to normal after test.

Alternatively, activate alarm in β€˜Test’ mode and verify sounders.

5.7 Audibility Test:

5.7.1 Activate alarms; use calibrated sound level meter.
5.7.2 Acceptable sound level is minimum 65dB(A) or 5dB(A) above ambient noise sustained for over 30 seconds.
5.7.3 Repeat test during full occupancy if initially unoccupied.
5.7.4 Use BS5969 Type 2 compliant meter, slow response, A-weighted.

5.8 Short Circuit Testing:

Introduce shorts at intervals to verify isolators and ensure fire system functionality is retained, except at the faulted segment.

5.9 Battery Testing:

  • Measure standby and alarm currents using multimeter across fuse terminals.
  • Isolate mains, record performance in both standby and alarm modes.
  • Simulate a full mains failure and verify backup battery operation during full alarm for required duration.

6. Fire Dampers

6.1 The responsible trade contractor shall submit a comprehensive fire damper schedule including reference numbers, locations, type, and size (base build and fit-out).

6.2 The schedule must confirm that drop tests were completed and that dampers are accessible and resettable. Upon confirmation, 100% of dampers will be witnessed by the Independent Testing and Commissioning Engineer, and subsequently reviewed by the Fire Marshal.

7. Test Record Sheets

The following documentation must be completed and submitted:

  • Cable Test Sheets
  • Marked-Up Floor Layout Drawings
  • Complete Device List with Alarm Messages
  • Fire Alarm Panel Test Result Printouts

🧰 BMS Commissioning Procedure – Step-by-Step Guide

This guide provides a complete and professional procedure for commissioning a Building Management System (BMS), including safety precautions, integration checks, and testing requirements.

🧷 Safety Preparations

  1. Ensure engineers and technicians wear appropriate PPE.
  2. Clear the area around the BMS panel to allow easy and safe access.
  3. Unlock and open the BMS panel using the provided keys.
  4. Verify that there is no power in the system using a multimeter.

πŸ”§ Cable and Connection Inspection

  1. Check that all terminated cables are tightly secured and no conductors are exposed.
  2. Confirm cable terminations are as per the wiring diagram and cable schedule.
  3. Perform the following safety checks:
    • Line-to-neutral continuity
    • Earth connection verification
    • Enclosure body grounding
    • Transformer earthing confirmation

πŸ”— Integration Verification

  1. Verify all integration cables are properly connected:
SystemProtocolCable Type
Fire Alarm SystemBACnet/IPCAT-6
Lighting ControlBACnet/IPCAT-6
Water MetersModbus/RTUSerial
Multifunction MetersModbus/RTUSerial
VRV SystemBACnet/IPCAT-6
  1. Confirm integrated systems are configured by coordinating with the BMS supplier.
  2. For IP-based connections, ensure suppliers use BMS-designated IP ranges.
  3. All integrated systems must allow BMS discovery of their data points.

⚑ Power Supply & Breaker Verification

  1. Ensure all secondary breakers and fuses are in the OFF position.
  2. Measure incoming power (L-L and L-N) using a multimeter; confirm 380V/3PH/60Hz as per drawings.
  3. After verification, switch ON the MCCB.
  4. Measure voltage post-MCCB and record.
  5. Sequentially activate breakers/fuses and confirm power output.

πŸ’» DDC & Software Commissioning

  1. Once power is verified, the panel is ready for system integration.
  2. Connect a laptop to the DDC and enable communication.
  3. Launch commissioning software and enter the third-party integration parameters.
  4. Discover the integrated system’s data points.
  5. If successful, define and store them in the BMS controller.
  6. Validate values against actual system data.
  7. For meters, verify values from the physical display.

πŸ“Š HMI & Finalization

  1. Check the HMI screen to ensure all signals and values are correctly displayed. Create users with different administrative roles. Upload and verify graphics on EWS and OWS at the Control & Admin buildings.
  2. Secure and lock the BMS panel.
  3. Conduct final housekeeping.
  4. Inform the contractor/consultant that the system is ready for handover.

⚠️ Anticipated Hazards

  • Electrical hazards during live work
  • Fire hazards from short circuits
  • Slip/trip hazards with tools
  • Fall risks at elevated locations
  • Physical strain from lifting
  • Dust inhalation risks
  • COVID-19 transmission (follow mask, sanitation, distancing protocols)

🧰 Required Tools & Equipment

ItemQuantity
Tool Box (Insulated)2
Laptop + Charger1
Ladder2
Bucket1
Ferrule Machine1
Ferrule Tubes1
Multimeter3
Cable Tester2
Inspection Light2

πŸ§‘β€πŸ”§ Required Personnel

  • Site Engineer (contractor and sub-contractor)
  • Project supervisor and engineer oversight
  • Skilled technicians with proper tool usage

🚨 Emergency Procedures

  • No mobile phone use while working
  • No smoking inside the plant
  • EHS team must communicate the emergency evacuation plan
  • Report abnormalities immediately to EHS/Security
  • Do not re-enter the site during emergencies until clearance is given

βœ… Integrated Points Testing

  • Perform random testing of integrated data points.

Method Statement for BMS Testing – Complete Procedure

1. Introduction

This method statement outlines the comprehensive procedure for the testing and commissioning of the Building Management System (BMS). The main objective is to confirm that the system installation aligns with the project’s design intent and performs as specified.

The contractor shall enhance this baseline procedure by proposing any additional tests, subject to approval by the Project M&E Engineer and Independent Testing & Commissioning Engineer.

2. Test Instruments and Tools Required

All testing tools must come with current calibration certificates traceable to international standards (valid for at least six months). The instruments must be capable of accurate readings within the mid-range of their operating range.

Essential Testing Tools:

  • Calibrated multi-meters
  • General tightening or fastening tools (screwdrivers, battery drills, spanners etc.)
  • Calibrated RH / temperature / Pressure measuring instruments
  • Test pens.
  • Walkie-talkies
  • Test Jumper Cable.
  • Freeze Spray
  • Heater (Hair Dryer)
  • Cold steam generator
  • Torchlight

3. Reference Standards

The following industry standards have been followed in developing this BMS testing methodology:

  • CIBSE Guide H (2000) – Building Control Systems
  • BSRIA AH 2/92 – Commissioning of BEMS
  • CIBSE Commissioning Code C (2001) – Automatic Controls

4. BMS Testing Procedure

Before beginning any testing, ensure pre-commissioning and startup checklists are completed. Use the standardized Template Test Sheets for recording all steps and outcomes.

4.1 Pre-Commissioning Checks

  • Verify that the enclosure is not mounted to a vibrating surface.
  • Verify that proper wiring installations have been completed by the sub-contractor.
  • Check all point and trunk wiring for shorts, grounds and induced/stray voltages. Also verify all terminated according to as-built drawings.
  • Verify that the correct point modules have been inserted to the proper termination address keys have been placed in proper slots. Install corresponding module labels.
  • Verify that required LAN trunk wires have been wired to the connectors and placed on the temporary cover that wraps around the mounting rails, M-Bus rails and C-Bus at the bottom of the backplane. Verify proper PMD and LAN trunk terminations and proper shielding.
  • Verify that the power module had been installed as per required.
  • Verify that the open processor has been installed as per required.
  • Verify that the MBC has been powered with the proper voltage.
  • Using the hyper terminal to configure the open processor as required. Verify that the open processor status LED flashes.
  • Logon to the BMS System Database Server and upload the MBC database. Upon completion, the insight workstation will be able to monitor the status.
  • Fill-up the DDC information table so that all parameter have been captured.
  • Upon completion of these procedures, point to point check-out may commence.

4.2 DDC Information Table

Fill in key system parameters like:

  • MBC name, location, and address
  • Firmware and baud rates
  • M-Bus enabled status
  • Battery check results

4.3 DDC Startup Checklist

Ensure complete system power-up and connection:

  • UPS, Database Servers, Trunk Interfaces
  • Load BMS software and verify communication with MBCs
  • Perform database upload and integrity check

4.4 I/O Point Testing

Validate field equipment values against BMS readings. Document each test with:

  • Point Name, Description
  • Analogue & Digital Readings (Field vs. BMS)
  • Acknowledgment

4.5 Status Point Testing

Simulate ON/OFF/TRIP feedbacks and verify BMS reflects actual changes. Attach trend logs and status reports.

4.6 Command Point Testing

Issue ON/OFF commands from the BMS and verify successful communication and action at field devices.

4.7 Alarm Point Testing

Simulate alarm conditions to confirm:

  • Alarm messages display accurately
  • Alarm logs and trend reports are generated
  • Message clarity and fault tracing are accurate

4.8 Sensor Calibration

Calibrate and offset sensors using certified devices:

  • Temperature: 22˚C Β±1˚C
  • Humidity: 50% Β±5%RH
  • Pressure: Β±5%

Document measured vs. BMS values and apply required offsets. Recheck and log the calibration results.

4.9 Water Leak Detection Interface

Test alarm triggers via controlled water exposure and verify:

  • Alarm accuracy and description
  • Auto-reset functionality
  • Cable fault recognition
  • Shutdown response (if applicable)

4.10 Fire System Interface Testing

Ensure all fire alarm signals are accurately reflected in the BMS, including:

  • Normal/Alarm states
  • Fault triggers
  • Power failures
  • Clear alarm descriptions

4.11 High-Level Interface Testing

Verify protocol handshake and real-time status/alarm data between BMS and third-party systems. Cross-check LCD display data with BMS screens.

4.12 Control Valve Testing (AHU / FCU)

Test modulating valve response to temperature changes and direct commands (0%, 50%, 100% open). Verify valve positions match command inputs.

  • Inspect that all wiring installation have been done properly according to the specification.
  • Setup trending for the points that needed to be tested.
  • Ensure the device being controlled is active.Β Β Β Β 
  • Ensure local physical state and BMS Screen AHU/FCU On control, match.
  • Command the AHU/FCU control setpoint higher than the current temperature reading.
  • Valve will be modulated to satisfy the new setpoint. Verify the valve position to match.
  • Command the AHU/FCU control setpoint lower than the current temperature reading.
  • Valve will be modulated to satisfy the new setpoint. Verify the valve position to match.
  • Command the control valve to 50% open and observe in the field the same.
  • Command the control valve to 100% open and observe in the field the same.
  • Command the valve to 0% open and observe that the valve fully closes in the field
  • Print out the trend report and attached to this test & commissioning report.
  • Metering (Electricity and Water) Testing
  • Perform verification of kWh / Water volume meters data collection and time-based accumulation. Ensure pulses are registering on β€œInst Value” on BMS Screen.
  • For kWh / Water volume (where applicable) meters, compare the local instantaneous value from metering instrumentation against the BMS Screen. Ensure these two figures correlate within an accuracy of less than +/- 5%.
  • Enable the Peak Reset for the applicable meter under test. Ensure Peak Value resets to current instantaneous value. Ensure β€œPeak Reset” point automatically returns to disable.
  • Ensure Trending verifies correct operation of all time-based consumption/instantaneous BMS data points below:
  • ACD=Actual Consumption Day
  • ACM=Actual Consumption Month
  • ACY=Actual Consumption Year
  • PCD=Previous Consumption Day
  • PCM=Previous Consumption Month
  • PCY=Previous Consumption Year
  • Peak Value
  • Instantaneous Value

4.13 Metering System Testing (Power & Water)

Confirm accuracy within Β±5% between local meter readings and BMS screen values. Validate:

  • Peak reset function
  • Time-based accumulations (Daily/Monthly/Yearly)
  • Instantaneous readings

5. Functional Testing

Ensure:

  • All devices are powered, configured, and fully tested
  • Communication is stable across all networks
  • Operational logic is validated under typical and emergency scenarios
  • All the BMS Sub-Systems and associated devices are powered up, fully configured and have passed 100% of all relevant BMS Interface tests
  • All the BMS and ACS panels powered up, fully configured and passed supplier diagnostics.
  • Check the BMS database and graphics are complete to facilitate these tests.
  • Ensure the Trend Setup for the equipment under test has been completed.
  • Confirm the control logic diagram has been approved by the Consultant.
  • Initiate a scheduled start-up and shutdown sequence for each piece of equipment or system and observe the equipment / system for the correct operation.
  • Initiate a scheduled changeover of equipment if applicable on a daily or weekly schedule.
  • Confirm the required schedule start and stop times and enter into system
  • Restart the equipment, initiate each type of alarm in the field and confirm the correct operation / changeover of system or equipment in the field.
  • Confirm that the correct alarm message has been raised and issued by SMS / pager system.
  • Confirm if β€œmismatch” alarm is raised if command is different from status.
  • Follow logic chart through for all alarms / failure combinations to confirm the correct operation of the equipment or system
  • Check all graphic representations display correctly eg alarm points turn red on graphic, and that all equipment references are correct.
  • Print out alarm report for the equipment that has just been completed. Attach to Record sheet.
  • Print out the trend report and attached to this test & commissioning report.

6. Fire Shutdown Testing

Simulate fire alarms to verify automatic shutdown sequences and proper BMS response across all connected systems.

  • During Fire inspection verification ensure that when General Fire Alarm is active (β€œIn Alarm”)
  • The Supply and Exhaust Fans assume the correct operational mode required by Local Fire Authority.
  • When the General Fire Alarm clears (β€œReturn to Normal”) ensure the fans (SF/EF) maintain the their β€œFire Alarm” running mode.
  • Ensure after β€œFire Reset” is enabled that all fans assume β€œNormal” operation mode.
  • Ensure β€œFire Reset” point automatically returns to disable.
  • Print out alarm report for the equipment that has just been completed. Attach to Record sheet.
  • Compile results together with Engineers Report Sheet and Fire test sheets confirming all times and durations of tests match.

7. Test Record Documentation

All trend reports, alarm logs, and test results must be printed and attached to the commissioning report for submission and approval.

  • Test Sheets as required fro Template Test Sheet Documents
  • Graphics Print Outs
  • Trend Reports
  • Alarm Print Outs
  • Alarm Messages
Add a heading (1)

Method Statement for Fire Pump Installation, Testing, and Commissioning:

1. Purpose of Fire Pump Method Statement

  • Define step-by-step procedures for fire pump installation, testing, and commissioning.
  • Ensure compliance with contract specifications and approved shop drawings.
  • Guarantee reliable operation for all designated areas in the project.

2. Scope of Work

  • Covers complete process of:
    • Installation of fire pump sets
    • Testing procedures
    • Commissioning protocols
  • Linked with relevant ITP and quality verification steps.

3. Reference Documents

  • Approved Fire Fighting System shop drawings
  • Project Specifications
  • Project Quality Plan (PQP)

4. Key Definitions

  • PQP – Project Quality Plan
  • PSP – Project Safety Plan
  • QA/QC – Quality Assurance/Quality Control
  • ITP – Inspection and Test Plan
  • WIR – Work Inspection Request
  • MIR – Material Inspection Record

5. Responsibilities

5.1 Project Manager

  • Ensure timely progress and equipment readiness.
  • Oversee safety and quality coordination.

5.2 Construction Manager

  • Supervise on-site activities.
  • Manage coordination, reporting, and approvals.

5.3 Site Engineer

  • Lead installation as per drawings and specs.
  • Coordinate with QA/QC and Safety teams.

5.4 QA/QC Engineer

  • Monitor installations for quality compliance.
  • Handle inspections, WIRs, and MIRs.

5.5 Site Foreman

  • Distribute resources and manage day-to-day work.
  • Prepare daily reports and ensure safety compliance.

5.6 Safety Officer

  • Enforce HSE measures.
  • Conduct inspections and ensure PPE use.

5.7 Store Keeper

  • Manage storage and delivery of materials.
  • Coordinate with QA/QC during material reception.

6. Tools and Equipment Required

  • Measuring Tape, Drill Machine, Threading Machine
  • Chain Block, Forklift, Spirit Level
  • Digital Multimeter, Ammeter, Pressure Gauges
  • Safety gear: helmets, gloves, vests, goggles

7. Procedure

7.1 Safety Protocols

  • Use trained personnel only.
  • Wear proper PPE.
  • Provide adequate lighting and area barricades.
  • Permit-controlled access.

7.2 Installation Procedure

  • Transport pump set to room using forklift.
  • Fix anchor bolts, provide vibration pads.
  • Connect suction/discharge piping and pressure switches.
  • Complete electrical & BMS connections.
  • Raise inspection for consultant approval.

7.3 Testing and Commissioning

7.3.1 Pre-Start-Up Inspection

  • Visual and mechanical checks
  • Secure anchoring and alignment
  • Proper piping and valve connections
  • Confirm electrical wiring and fluid levels

7.3.2 Operation Sequence

Electric Pump

  • Open suction valves
  • Check water filling, air release
  • Run pump, verify direction, monitor current draw

Diesel Pump

  • Check engine parameters: RPM, oil, fuel pressure
  • Confirm relief valve settings and noise levels

7.3.3 Flow Testing

Electric & Diesel Pump

  • Simulate flow using flow meter valves
  • Record pressure and RPM at rated, 150% flow
  • Match results with factory test curves

7.3.4 Automatic Operation Setup

  • Configure pressure switches:
    • Jockey, Electric, Diesel start pressures
  • Switch control panels to AUTO mode

7.3.5 Control Panel Functions

  • Automatic Mode – Fire pump auto-start based on pressure drop
  • Manual Mode – Start via control panel or engine panel
  • Emergency Start – Use handle if control circuit fails

8. Attachments

  • 8.1: Inspection & Test Plan (ITP)
  • 8.2: Installation Checklist
  • 8.3: Testing & Commissioning Checklist
  • 8.4: Risk Assessment
Method Statement for Installation, Testing & Commissioning of Fire Fighting Equipment

Method Statement for Installation, Testing & Commissioning of Fire Fighting Equipment:

Equipment Covered:

  • Fire Hose Reels
  • Fire Hose Cabinets
  • Fire Extinguishers

πŸ“Œ 1. Purpose

This document outlines the procedures for the installation, testing, and commissioning of firefighting equipment as per project specifications, approved shop drawings, and safety standards.

πŸ“¦ 2. Scope

Covers the complete lifecycle of firefighting equipment, including:

  • Supply
  • Installation
  • Testing
  • Commissioning

All activities shall comply with the manufacturer’s guidelines and project-specific technical documents.

πŸ“š 3. References

  • ISO 9001:2008
  • Project Quality Plan (PQP)
  • Project HSE Plan
  • Latest approved shop drawings
  • Manufacturer’s manuals and material submittals

πŸ“– 4. Abbreviations

  • PQP: Project Quality Plan
  • HSE: Health, Safety & Environment
  • QA/QC: Quality Assurance / Quality Control
  • ITP: Inspection & Test Plan
  • MIR/WIR: Material/Work Inspection Request
  • UPVC / HDPE / PEX / G.I. Pipes: Pipe materials used in FF systems

πŸ‘· 5. Responsibilities

πŸ‘¨β€πŸ’Ό Project Manager

  • Ensure timely progress and material availability
  • Maintain quality and safety in coordination with QA/QC & HSE

πŸ—οΈ Construction Manager

  • Supervise worksite activities
  • Coordinate inspections and approvals

πŸ§‘β€πŸ’» Site Engineer

  • Implement approved method statements
  • Monitor progress and coordinate inspections

πŸ› οΈ QA/QC Engineer

  • Ensure compliance with drawings/specifications
  • Raise MIRs/WIRs and conduct required tests

🧰 Site Foreman

  • Oversee daily tasks and distribute resources
  • Report progress and issues

🦺 HSE Officer

  • Enforce safety protocols
  • Conduct safety briefings and ensure proper PPE use

πŸ—ƒοΈ Store Keeper

  • Manage delivery and storage of firefighting materials
  • Coordinate with QA/QC for material verification

πŸ› οΈ 6. Tools & Equipment

  • Tool Box & Measuring Tape
  • Electric Drill & Threading Machine
  • Pipe Cutting & Grinding Machines
  • Torque Wrench & Pressure Gauge
  • Mobile Scaffold & Staging Platforms
  • Safety PPE, Warning Signboards

🚧 7. Installation Procedure

βœ… 7.1 General Requirements

  • All equipment must be inspected via MIR prior to installation
  • Qualified personnel must perform tasks per approved drawings

πŸš› 7.2 Delivery & Transport

  • Equipment should arrive in proper packaging
  • Handle with care to avoid scratches or dents

🏠 7.3 Storage

  • Store in dry, protected areas
  • Keep items in original packaging until needed

πŸ”© 7.4 Installation Sequence

⚠️ Safety First

  • Conduct toolbox talks
  • Use PPE and follow site-specific HSE rules
  • Display caution signage during works

πŸ”§ Pre-Installation Checklist

  • Verify civil clearance and approved shop drawings
  • Ensure no clashes with other services
  • Access areas must be cleared and safe

🧯 Fire Hose Reel & Cabinet Installation

  • Confirm manufacturer’s specs and accessories
  • Mark mounting points precisely
  • Install with supports (steel brackets if needed)
  • Connect piping and verify valve accessibility
  • Conduct inspections via WIR after installation

🧨 Fire Extinguisher Installation

  • Follow approved locations on shop drawings
  • Install mounting brackets correctly
  • Use appropriate extinguisher types (e.g., Dry Powder, CO2)
  • Raise inspection request for consultant approval

βœ… 7.5 Testing & Commissioning

πŸ” Visual Inspection

  • Inspect hoses, nozzles, and piping
  • Ensure full reach, no tears, proper rewind

πŸ§ͺ Testing Process

  • Operate hose reels for smooth extension and rewind
  • Check valve leaks (≀5ml in 5 minutes)
  • Ensure minimum flow rate (β‰₯0.33 L/sec)

βš™οΈ Commissioning – Fire Hose Equipment

  • Verify hose racks swing and hose extends freely
  • Confirm nozzle functions properly
  • Ensure cabinet is accessible, locks function, glazing intact

🧯 Commissioning – Fire Extinguishers

  • Inspect safety pins, pressure, and hoses
  • Test spray into a safe location
  • Replace seals and log inspection results

πŸ“Ž 8. Attachments

  • βœ… Inspection & Test Plan (ITP)
  • πŸ“‹ Installation Checklist
  • πŸ§ͺ Testing & Commissioning Checklist
  • ⚠️ Risk Assessment Report